From discovering to better understanding the relationship between brain and behavior

Humans have always had the tendency to observe events occurring in their environment and explain them. This systematic involvement and the development of investigative methods for various phenomena have led to the emergence of several scientific fields and the knowledge we possess now a days.
The present study focuses on interpretations of behavioral phenomena over the centuries and on the factors contributing to them. Although the role played by the brain in behavior had been recognized since antiquity, it took a long time for this relationship to become widely accepted. Brain-behavior relationship was established as a result of accumulation of scientific evidence and has only recently been founded as an independent scientific field.

The role of tomatis sound therapy in the treatment of difficulties in reading in children with developmental dyslexia

Children with developmental dyslexia present problems in reading and other processes related to phonology aspects. Nowadays, 3–11% children and adolescent suffer from difficulties in reading and others related skills. If there are any dysfunctions in one of the pathways going to the frontal cortex (in particular pre-motor regions), then they might be reduced by stimulating the alternative pathway or by changing the kind of stimuli. One of the previous researches has shown the influence of music on the performance in a subsequent language task requiring syntax processing. Therefore music may be used as therapeutic interventions or educational practices.

Current treatment status of adult brain tumors in the Philippine general hospital

Brain tumors, although affecting only a small percentage of the population, poses a large impact worldwide with its high incidence of morbidity and mortality. In the turn of the century, we have witnessed major breakthroughs in the diagnosis and management of patients with brain tumors that is largely becoming molecular-based and personalized. In developing countries like the Philippines, major efforts are yet to be made in order to deliver the ideal treatment modalities to patients with brain tumor, yet certain socio-cultural factors and the lack of standardized protocol limit and even hinder this goal. Hence, it is important to be able to describe our patient population and to determine if they were able to receive adequate treatment in order to pave the way to further identification of ways to clinical improvement in the future.

COINS Tools for Automated NIMH Data Archive Submissions

Grant funding agencies are continuing to move toward their own standardized database platforms in the pursuit of harmonizing data and reproducing results. The National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive (NDA) is one such mission. This initiative serves as a repository for data collected by investigators who have been funded by the NIH/NIMH and have committed to sharing their data with the NDA. Preparing data captured by assessment and imaging collection and management systems (e.g. XNAT, Qualtrics, and REDcap) for submission can be challenging. NDA data submissions are performed through standalone GUI-only applications, limiting automation possibilities.

Differentiating recognition for anger and fear facial expressions via inhibition of return

The goal of this study was to find out whether two negative emotions—fear and anger, known for their attention grabbing capacity-are equally prone to the detection cost or habituation of attention as measured by IOR. This study adopted the more ecological meaning of the video screenshots as target stimulus; the finding was that anger relative to fear could override the IOR effect. We discussed this differentiation according to the two cognitive systems one evolved for mastery of the natural environment, the other for purposes of social harmony in the evolutionary framework, anger poses a social/relational threat, whereas fear refers to threat that comes from the environment.

The importance of early diagnosis of subdural arteriovenous fistula for clinical recovery.....

Sub dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF) represent a rare disease of the spinal cord with diverse neurological complains resembling polyneuropathies of myelopathies. Due to the absence of specific clinical signs the diagnosis relies upon the MRI findings, which consists of the following classical triad of 1) dilated vessels in the subdural space, 2) central spinal cord edema and 3) contrast enhancement of the affected segments. A fourth yet inconsistent finding is an enlarged conus medullaris.

The triad is however often incomplete and in the absence of the engorged perimedullary vessels the diagnosis can remains elusive for an extensive period of time and until an advanced level of clinical disability is reached. Unlike most other immune of infectious causes of medullary dysfunction, SDAVF is a treatable condition, surgical treatment usually stopping the progression of neurological complains. Therefore, an early diagnosis is the most important factor associated with neurological recovery. The aim of this case report is to illustrate how essential a prompt diagnosis is by presenting two patients with very different clinical outcomes based on the time from the initial complains to the correct diagnosis.

Computational methods towards image-based biomarkers and beyond

Over the last decades the use of artificial intelligence techniques for biomedical data analysis has been incredibly popular and has opened numerous opportunities to improve medical diagnosis. Especially in the recent years, there has been a drastic development of large-scale databases (genomics, proteomics, imaging), which has given the opportunity to apply deep learning techniques. Particularly in computer vision, convolutional neural networks have rapidly become the tool of choice for the analysis of images.

Over the last decades the use of artificial intelligence techniques for biomedical data analysis has been incredibly popular and has opened numerous opportunities to improve medical diagnosis. Especially in the recent years, there has been a drastic development of large-scale databases (genomics, proteomics, imaging), which has given the opportunity to apply deep learning techniques. Particularly in computer vision, convolutional neural networks have rapidly become the tool of choice for the analysis of images.

Affirming the importance of justice as a basic human need

It is a truism that justice is pre-eminently a matter of significance for everyone, no matter their current stage in the life-cycle, social circumstances or nationality. It assures personal and communal security, and is manifest in the way countries deals with crime, civil conflict and social strife within their borders or by agreement beyond.

Yet the topic is much neglected by academic and experimental psychologists, except when their professional and ethical obligations in teaching and research come into question. While the same might not be true for practising child, clinical, forensic, industrial, political and social psychologists, rarely do they address justice formally in either their practice or interprofessional discourse and the topic has yet to appear in formal course-work for their successors.

The aim of the present paper is to remedy the situation and give justice the prominence it deserves in psychological theory and practice.

Stroke prevention with novel oral anticoagulants in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation

Stroke is a syndrome caused by the reduction or cessation of blood flow to the brain causing neurological dysfunction. While some strokes may be the result of a haemorrhage, majority (85%) are due to ischaemia. Many ischaemic events are cardioembolic, of these the majorities are due to atrial fibrillation (AF).

There are currently four novel anticoagulants (NOACs) which can be prescribed for the prophylaxis of stroke in those with non-valvular AF. These NOACs include dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, and the others, rivaroxaban, apixaban and Edoxaban are Factor-Xa inhibitors.

Vitamin K antagonist, warfarin, has certain limitations that NOACs overcome with fixed dosing regimens corrected to renal function, no necessity to regularly monitor coagulation parameters and fewer interactions with food and medications.

Senescence, prodromal dementia, electrophysiological biomarkers

Dementia in the elderly is described by symptoms of attentional deficits, memory impairments, executive dysfunction and cognitive decline. In several major neurodegenerative disorders is occurred dementia. Fronto temporal dementia and hippocampal sclerosis of aging, Lewy body dementia, non-Alzheimer's form as vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease,which vary between brain regions like the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, medial temporal lobe, inferior parietal cortex and frontal cortex, may explain a magnitude of deficits in different cognitive domains. Preservation of cognitive function is important for maintenance of the quality of life of older adults.

Dementia in the elderly is described by symptoms of attentional deficits, memory impairments, executive dysfunction and cognitive decline. In several major neurodegenerative disorders is occurred dementia. Fronto-temporal dementia and hippocampal sclerosis of aging, Lewy body dementia, non-Alzheimer's form as vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, which vary between brain regions like the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, medial temporal lobe, inferior parietal cortex and frontal cortex, may explain a magnitude of deficits in different cognitive domains. Preservation of cognitive function is important for maintenance of the quality of life of older adults.

Why is Pharma So Scared of Psychiatric Drug Discovery?

The 1950’s heralded a golden age for psychiatric drug discovery; for the first time, compounds capable of treating serious mental disturbances were found that, despite their shortcomings, proved the pharmacotherapy of mental disorders was both possible and effective. 

Not only did these early treatments unlock the Victorian asylums and allow a more humane attitude to mental illness, they also led to the founding of modern neuroscience approaches to understanding the function and dysfunction of the most complex object in the universe- the human brain. This first wave of drug discovery and development took place in the absence of any meaningful knowledge of the underlying biological mechanisms, but rather occurred via serendipity coupled with careful observation. First generation compounds were consumed in vast amounts and the nascent pharmaceutical industry became immensely wealthy as the need for major and minor tranquillisers prevailed.

Archetypal energies as the? Creative Urges? Behind the evolution of humanistic psychology and positive psychology

This presentation is a brief overview of what can be called authentic Archetypal Energies as the? Creative Urges? Behind the evolution of humanistic psychology and positive psychology. The framework is derived from my newest book, evolving the Human Race Game, a book designed to assist readers in evolving human consciousness as we play what I call seven kinds of human race games. In September 2016, the book received the 2016 Living Now Evergreen Bronze Medal Award for Spiritual Leadership. In the book, 25 Archetypal Energies are discussed. They are defined as Higher Vibrational Energies that operate deep within our psyches, at both individual and collective levels. We tend to experience them as ?creative urges? to move us toward our optimal selves and optimal realities.

Effect on coupling synchronization of Morris-Lecar neurons under time-delay

The nervous system is an organ system which is composed of a network of neurons, a kind of specialized cell. The nervous system can sense the external stimuli. Time-delay is time delay, and its appearance triggers more complex nonlinear dynamic characteristics, so the influence of time delay on nonlinear dynamical behavior of the coupled neuron system has attracted more attention. With the deepening of research, neural networks such as time-delay Hopfield neural network, delayed bidirectional associative memory neural network, time-delay cellular neural network and time-delay Cohen-Grossberg are put forward successively. 

The neural coupling system with time delay function also attracts a large number of experts and scholars at home and abroad to study and explore, and many meaningful results have been achieved. This paper introduces the neuron mode land related knowledge, introduces the related biological knowledge of the nervous system and the related techniques used in this paper. This paper establishes a Morris-Lecar chaotic neuron model with two neuronal electrical synapse couplings makes a dynamic analysis of the MorrisLecar neuron model by numerical simulation and simulation and studies the effect of the electric synaptic coupling intensity of Morris-Lecar neuron model on the generation and release of electrical activity and synchronization of the system.

Welcome to the Journal of Neuroinformatics and Neuroimaging

Journal of Neuroinformatics and Neuroimaging is an international peer reviewed journal that publishes high-quality original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, technology reports and perspectives on research developments in the field of neuroinformatics and neuroimaging.

The journal focusses on dissemination of innovations in integrative neuroscience and computational models and advanced information technology tools used in neuroinformatics. Manuscripts highlighting recent advancements regarding structural as well as functional brain imaging techniques and its application in diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders are solicited. The journal is directed to neurologists, neuroradiologists, neuroinformaticians and others involved in research and practice of NeuroIogy and Neuroimaging.

Coins tools for automated NiMH data archive submissions

Grant funding agencies are continuing to move toward their own standardized database platforms in the pursuit of harmonizing data and reproducing results. The National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive (NDA) is one such mission. This initiative serves as a repository for data collected by investigators who have been funded by the NIH/NIMH and have committed to sharing their data with the NDA. 

Preparing data captured by assessment and imaging collection and management systems (e.g. XNAT, Qualtrics, and REDcap) for submission can be challenging. NDA data submissions are performed through standalone GUI-only applications, limiting automation possibilities. The Collaborative Informatics and Neuroimaging Suite (COINS), a web-based data collection and management platform that employs integrated assessment and imaging collection, has developed tools to assist in assessment and imaging submissions to NDA repositories. 

Senescence, prodromal dementia, electrophysiological biomarkers

Dementia in the elderly is described by symptoms of attentional deficits, memory impairments, executive dysfunction and cognitive decline. In several major neuro degenerative disorders is occurred dementia. Fronto temporal dementia and hippocampal sclerosis of aging, Lewy body dementia, non-Alzheimer's form as vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, which vary between brain regions like the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, medial temporal lobe, inferior parietal cortex and frontal cortex, may explain a magnitude of deficits in different cognitive domains. Preservation of cognitive function is important for maintenance of the quality of life of older adults.

Chemotherapy medication errors nursing education and review of literatures

Cancer chemotherapy has a narrow therapeutic window, and patients with cancer often cannot physically tolerate mistakes. Errors in treating patients also have been associated with damages and legal problems such as loss of reputation and confidence in the doctor and hospital, financial loss in law courts, and most importantly risks for patients. Prevention of error is a matter of remaining vigilant, having systems in place to expose mistakes, and having a culture among co-workers that error prevention is a priority.